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		<title>Not invented here</title>
		<link>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/12/16/not-invented-here/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 16 Dec 2008 17:42:54 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>inddxp</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[知識管理]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[專業用語]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cenote.wordpress.com/?p=142</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Not invented here<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=cenote.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4603195&amp;post=142&amp;subd=cenote&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not invented here （NIH）閉門造車，孤芳自賞；妄自尊大；事不關己；與我無關：非此地發明；非出生名門；不屬於這裡發明；不是這裡發明的；……</p>
<p>或譯：不由我起；非我族類；「別人的孩子」</p>
<p>延伸閱讀：</p>
<p>* 網路上一篇文章談到not invented here syndrome，說NIH症候群是指某些人或是企業，對自我創新的能力頗為自負，並拒絕採用或購買他人或別的公司所發明的技術。</p>
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		<title>Socio-Technical</title>
		<link>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/12/04/socio-technical/</link>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 04 Dec 2008 17:44:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>inddxp</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[知識管理]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[專業用語]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Socio-Technical 三種”Socio-Technical” 的用法。作者隱含著用這三種觀點區分”standard”、”STS”、”STN”： 資訊技術的應用會導致社會改變。科學家發明新技術，社會學家研究技術帶來的社會變化。 在「協同實驗室(collaboratory)」的討論中，學術討論空間的下層是各種工具的技術層，上層是使用工具以進行溝通討論的社會層(socio-layer)。因此，學術參與者的行為，可被解讀為一種 socio-technical 的行為。 認為學術傳播行為，應該被解讀為人與技術的互動。 學術參與者與技術的互動：與由口語學術溝通，到電子化的學術溝通，如演講廳的擴音器、視訊會議、教學錄影帶。改變了學者所能接觸到的聽眾範圍與本質，也改變了講者與聽眾的關係。 網絡(network)，用來描繪不同的社會與技術元素之間的關係。<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=cenote.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4603195&amp;post=140&amp;subd=cenote&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h2><a id="socio-technical" name="socio-technical">Socio-Technical</a></h2>
<div class="level2">三種”Socio-Technical” 的用法。作者隱含著用這三種觀點區分”standard”、”STS”、”STN”：</p>
<ul>
<li class="level1">
<div class="li">資訊技術的應用會導致社會改變。科學家發明新技術，社會學家研究技術帶來的社會變化。</div>
</li>
<li class="level0">
<div class="li">在「協同實驗室(collaboratory)」的討論中，學術討論空間的下層是各種工具的技術層，上層是使用工具以進行溝通討論的社會層(socio-layer)。因此，學術參與者的行為，可被解讀為一種 socio-technical 的行為。</div>
</li>
<li class="level0">
<div class="li">認為學術傳播行為，應該被解讀為人與技術的互動。</div>
<ul>
<li class="level1">
<div class="li">學術參與者與技術的互動：與由口語學術溝通，到電子化的學術溝通，如演講廳的擴音器、視訊會議、教學錄影帶。改變了學者所能接觸到的聽眾範圍與本質，也改變了講者與聽眾的關係。</div>
</li>
<li class="level1">
<div class="li">網絡(network)，用來描繪不同的社會與技術元素之間的關係。</div>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
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		<title>影像處理:11.03</title>
		<link>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/11/10/%e5%bd%b1%e5%83%8f%e8%99%95%e7%90%861103/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Nov 2008 08:48:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>inddxp</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[影像處理]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[影像處理:11.03 影像強化(Log、Power Law、Histogram Equalization) 4. 影像強化之應用 影像強化有很多種意思，包括將圖形暗部的地方變明亮(使用Log)， 或是將圖形太亮的地方變柔和(使用Inverse Log)， 也可代表將模糊的地方變銳利，或是將銳利的地方變模糊等等， 在此，我們僅介紹三種方法， 包括Log、Power Law、Histogram Equalization， 其中Log與Power Law主要是將暗部變明 而Histogram Equalization的主要功能則是增強對比。 varable = histeq(input,灰層) //parameter 原圖: gray(i) 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09   10 11 12 13 14 15 pixel(ni) 15 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 70 110 45 80 40 [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=cenote.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4603195&amp;post=131&amp;subd=cenote&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>影像處理:11.03</p>
<p>影像強化(Log、Power Law、Histogram Equalization)<br />
4. 影像強化之應用</p>
<p>影像強化有很多種意思，包括將圖形暗部的地方變明亮(使用Log)，<br />
或是將圖形太亮的地方變柔和(使用Inverse Log)，<br />
也可代表將模糊的地方變銳利，或是將銳利的地方變模糊等等，<br />
在此，我們僅介紹三種方法，<br />
包括Log、Power Law、Histogram Equalization，<br />
其中Log與Power Law主要是將暗部變明<br />
而Histogram Equalization的主要功能則是增強對比。</p>
<p>varable = histeq(input,灰層) //parameter</p>
<p>原圖:</p>
<p>gray(i)<br />
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09   10 11 12 13 14 15</p>
<p>pixel(ni)<br />
15 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 70 110 45 80 40 00 00</p>
<p>t=360<br />
r=360/15=24<br />
do(累加機率 分佈Function)=&gt;new gray =&gt;<br />
5/8,5/8,5/8,5/8,5/8,5/8,5/8,5/8,5/8,5/8, 85/24,195/24,240/24,320/24,360/24,360/24,360/24</p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#008000;">gray(i)<br />
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09   10 11 12 13 14 15 </span> </strong></p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;"><strong>pixel(ni)<br />
15 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 70 110 45 80 40 00 00</strong></span></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#800080;">4捨5入=&gt;<br />
01 01 01 01 01 01 01 01   01 04   08 10 13 15 15 15</span></strong></p>
<p><strong><span style="color:#800080;">New=&gt;<br />
15 00 00 00 70 00 00 00 110        45          80     40</span></strong></p>
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		<title>影像處理:11.10</title>
		<link>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/11/10/%e5%bd%b1%e5%83%8f%e8%99%95%e7%90%861110/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 10 Nov 2008 08:44:46 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>inddxp</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[影像處理]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[影像處理:11.10 EX 170,240,010,080,150 230,050,070,140,160 040,060,130,200,220 100,120,190,210,030 110,180,250,020,090 Implement MatLab ti=[170,240,10,80,150; 230,50,70,140,160; 40,60,130,200,220; 100,120,190,210,30; 110,180,250,20,90;]; lp=[1,-2,1]; lp2=lp&#8217;*lp;   % high-pass-filter avl=(1/3)*[1,1,1]; av=avl&#8217;*avl;         %平均filter ; fspecial(&#8216;average&#8217;) tiav=filter2(av,ti); ar=filter2(lp2,ti); abl=filter2(lp,ti); ab=filter2(lp&#8217;,abl); f_lap=fspecial(&#8216;laplacian&#8217;);          % Laplacian f_log=fspecial(&#8216;log&#8217;,[7,7],0.6);     % Laplacian of Gaussian f_sobel=fspecial(&#8216;sobel&#8217;); f_sobel1=f_sobel&#8217;; yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;); bi=rgb2gray(yui); fbi=filter2(f_sobel1,bi); fbi2=filter2(lp2,bi,&#8217;valid&#8217;); figure,imshow(uint8(fbi)),pixval on;        % display low-pass-filter % figure,imshow(uint8(fbi2)),pixval on;   % [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=cenote.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4603195&amp;post=135&amp;subd=cenote&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>影像處理:11.10</p>
<p>EX</p>
<p>170,240,010,080,150<br />
230,050,070,140,160<br />
040,060,130,200,220<br />
100,120,190,210,030<br />
110,180,250,020,090</p>
<p>Implement MatLab</p>
<p>ti=[170,240,10,80,150;<br />
230,50,70,140,160;<br />
40,60,130,200,220;<br />
100,120,190,210,30;<br />
110,180,250,20,90;];</p>
<p>lp=[1,-2,1];<br />
lp2=lp&#8217;*lp;   % high-pass-filter</p>
<p>avl=(1/3)*[1,1,1];<br />
av=avl&#8217;*avl;         %平均filter ; fspecial(&#8216;average&#8217;)</p>
<p>tiav=filter2(av,ti);<br />
ar=filter2(lp2,ti);<br />
abl=filter2(lp,ti);<br />
ab=filter2(lp&#8217;,abl);</p>
<p>f_lap=fspecial(&#8216;laplacian&#8217;);          % Laplacian<br />
f_log=fspecial(&#8216;log&#8217;,[7,7],0.6);     % Laplacian of Gaussian<br />
f_sobel=fspecial(&#8216;sobel&#8217;);<br />
f_sobel1=f_sobel&#8217;;<br />
yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;);<br />
bi=rgb2gray(yui);<br />
fbi=filter2(f_sobel1,bi);<br />
fbi2=filter2(lp2,bi,&#8217;valid&#8217;);<br />
figure,imshow(uint8(fbi)),pixval on;        % display low-pass-filter<br />
% figure,imshow(uint8(fbi2)),pixval on;   % display high-pass-filter</p>
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		<title>影像處理:10.20</title>
		<link>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/10/20/%e5%bd%b1%e5%83%8f%e8%99%95%e7%90%861020/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Oct 2008 08:06:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>inddxp</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[影像處理:10.20 yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;);  % read files % imshow(yui),pixval on yui2=rgb2gray(yui);  %影像轉灰階 figure,imshow(yui2),pixval on yuip=double(yui2).^(1/2)/16*255;     //log Tran %yuip=uint8(double(yui2).^2/255);    //Power-law transformation figure,imshow(uint8(yuip)),pixval on 例 Grammer修正 yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;);  % read files % imshow(yui),pixval on yui2=rgb2gray(yui);   %影像轉灰階 figure,imshow(yui2),pixval on c=1;plt_gra=0.5; yuip=c*(yui2).^plt_gra; figure,imshow(yuip),pixval on<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=cenote.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4603195&amp;post=127&amp;subd=cenote&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>影像處理:10.20</p>
<p>yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;);  <span style="color:#008000;">% read files</span><br />
% imshow(yui),pixval on<br />
yui2=rgb2gray(yui);  <span style="color:#008000;">%影像轉灰階</span><br />
figure,imshow(yui2),pixval on<br />
yuip=double(yui2).^(1/2)/16*255;     <span style="color:#008000;">//<strong>log Tran</strong></span><br />
%yuip=uint8(double(yui2).^2/255);    <span style="color:#008000;">//<strong>Power-law transformation</strong></span><br />
figure,imshow(uint8(yuip)),pixval on</p>
<p>例</p>
<p>Grammer修正</p>
<p>yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;);  <span style="color:#008000;">% read files<br />
</span>% imshow(yui),pixval on<br />
yui2=rgb2gray(yui);   <span style="color:#008000;">%影像轉灰階<br />
</span>figure,imshow(yui2),pixval on<br />
c=1;plt_gra=0.5;<br />
yuip=c*(yui2).^plt_gra;<br />
figure,imshow(yuip),pixval on</p>
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		<title>研究方法:10.14</title>
		<link>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/10/15/%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%951014/</link>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Oct 2008 13:41:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>inddxp</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Uncategorized]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[CH7(續) 總變異量= 自變項(改變P)+外在變項(改變) +隨機變項(改變) 最大變異原則(Maxmincon principle of variance)= 自變項(maxing) +外在變項(mining) //我們所希望的成果 但最大變異原則可能會產生』系統性的錯誤與偏誤『 所以在此，為了確保外在變項對控制與實驗組產生似影響的方法，以及兩項排除外在變項的方法。 ＠確保外在變項對控制組與實驗組產生相似影響 ├隨機化(randomisation) └配對(Mattching) @排除外在變項 ├在研究設計中建立』影響變項『 └排除特定變項 CH8 選擇一項研究設計 研究設計的類型 ├接觸的次數 ├橫斷研究(僅一回) ├事前/後比較研究(二回) //受成熟效應的影响(對某物的熟悉度),迴歸效應(態度,時間) └縱貫研究/定時/週期性(多回數) ├研究問題所涉及的時間範圍 ├回溯性研究 ├預測性研究 └回溯－預測性研究  //預測 以之前的經驗對其未來方向作預測 └研究的本質：實驗設計、非實驗設計、準實驗設計 //非實驗設計:觀察 實驗設計(常見,但並非全部) ├事後的比較設計 ├事前事後的比較設計 ├控制設計~實驗(自變問題因素+外在) 控制(外在+隨機) ├重複控制設計 ├比較設計 ├配對控制實驗設計 └安心藥設計~心理因素下產生的 其他設計 交叉比較實驗設計 重複橫斷設計 趨勢研究 世代研究 固定樣本研究 單盲研究 雙盲研究 個案研究<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=cenote.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4603195&amp;post=118&amp;subd=cenote&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<h1><span style="color:#99cc00;">CH7(續)</span></h1>
<p>總變異量= 自變項(改變P)+外在變項(改變) +隨機變項(改變)</p>
<p><span style="color:#0000ff;">最大變異原則</span>(Maxmincon principle of variance)= 自變項(maxing) +外在變項(mining) /<span style="color:#008000;">/我們所希望的成果</span></p>
<p>但最大變異原則可能會產生』<span style="color:#008000;">系統性的錯誤與偏誤</span>『</p>
<p>所以在此，為了確保外在變項對控制與實驗組產生似影響的方法，以及兩項排除外在變項的方法。</p>
<p>＠<strong>確保外在變項對控制組與實驗組產生相似影響</strong><br />
├<span style="color:#ff6600;">隨機化</span>(randomisation)<br />
└<span style="color:#ff6600;">配對</span>(Mattching)</p>
<p>@<strong>排除外在變項</strong><br />
├在研究設計中建立』<span style="color:#0000ff;">影響變項</span>『<br />
└<span style="color:#0000ff;">排除特定變項</span></p>
<h1><span style="color:#99cc00;">CH8 選擇一項研究設計</span></h1>
<p><strong>研究設計的</strong><strong>類型</strong><br />
├<span style="color:#ff0000;"><span style="color:#ff6600;">接觸的次數</span> </span><br />
├<span style="color:#0000ff;">橫斷研究(<span style="color:#ff0000;">僅一回</span>)</span><br />
├<span style="color:#0000ff;">事前/後比較研究(<span style="color:#ff0000;">二回</span>) </span>/<span style="color:#008000;">/受成熟效應的影响(對某物的熟悉度),迴歸效應(態度,時間)</span><br />
└<span style="color:#0000ff;">縱貫研究</span>/定時/週期性(<span style="color:#ff0000;">多回</span>數)<br />
├<span style="color:#ff6600;">研究問題所涉及的時間範圍</span><br />
├<span style="color:#0000ff;">回溯性</span>研究<br />
├<span style="color:#0000ff;">預測性</span>研究<br />
└<span style="color:#0000ff;">回溯－預測性</span>研究  <span style="color:#008000;">//預測 以之前的經驗對其未來方向作預測</span><br />
└<span style="color:#ff6600;">研究的本質</span>：實驗設計、非實驗設計、準實驗設計 <span style="color:#008000;">//非實驗設計:觀察</span></p>
<p><strong>實驗設計</strong>(常見,但並非全部)<br />
├事後的比較設計<br />
├事前事後的比較設計<br />
├控制設計~實驗(自變問題因素+外在) 控制(外在+隨機)<br />
├重複控制設計<br />
├比較設計<br />
├配對控制實驗設計<br />
└安心藥設計~心理因素下產生的</p>
<p>其他設計<br />
交叉比較實驗設計</p>
<p>重複橫斷設計<br />
趨勢研究<br />
世代研究<br />
固定樣本研究<br />
單盲研究<br />
雙盲研究<br />
個案研究</p>
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		<title>[Tool]VNC SERVERS IN LINUX &amp; CONFIG</title>
		<link>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/10/15/toolvnc-servers-in-linux-config/</link>
		<comments>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/10/15/toolvnc-servers-in-linux-config/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Wed, 15 Oct 2008 08:55:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>inddxp</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[[Tool]VNC SERVERS IN LINUX &#38; CONFIG #&#62; rpm -q vnc vnc-server // check vncservers already install or not vnc-4.0-0.beta4.3.2 vnc-server-4.0-0.beta4.3.2 #&#62; vim /etc/sysconfig/vncservers // edit vncservers config VNCSERVERS="1:username" Before starting vncserver as a service, let&#8217;s create a vnc password with vncpasswd command. Notice it creates a hidden directory .vnc under your home account with file [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=cenote.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4603195&amp;post=116&amp;subd=cenote&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><strong>[Tool]VNC SERVERS IN LINUX &amp; CONFIG</strong></p>
<pre>#&gt; rpm -q vnc vnc-server  <span style="color:#008000;">// check vncservers already install or not</span>
vnc-4.0-0.beta4.3.2
vnc-server-4.0-0.beta4.3.2

#&gt; vim /etc/sysconfig/vncservers  <span style="color:#008000;">// edit vncservers config</span>
<span style="color:red;">VNCSERVERS="1:username"</span></pre>
<p>Before starting vncserver as a service, let&#8217;s create a vnc password with <strong>vncpasswd</strong> command.<br />
Notice it creates a hidden directory <strong>.vnc</strong> under your home account with file <strong>passwd</strong> which contains your vnc password.</p>
<p>$&gt; vncpasswd<br />
Password:<br />
Verify:<br />
$&gt; ls -d .vnc<br />
.vnc<br />
$&gt; ls .vnc<br />
passwd<br />
#&gt; /sbin/service vncserver start <span style="color:#008000;">// start the vncserver, exit 轉為該vnc-user的ID</span></p>
<p>到家目錄下</p>
<pre>$&gt; cd .vnc
$&gt; ls
passwd  tchung101:1.log  tchung101:1.pid  <span style="color:#008000;">xstartup</span>
$&gt;<strong> vim xstartup</strong><span style="color:red;">  <span style="color:#008000;">//修改登入後以x介面盛現</span>
############新增or修改##########
unset SESSION_MANAGER
exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc
</span><span><span style="color:red;">############新增or修改##########</span></span>
重啟vncserver  <span style="color:#008000;">//如不通..請開通預設port 5901</span>

ref.http://fedoranews.org/tchung/vnc/</pre>
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		<title>[INFO]何謂知識管理(Knowledge Management)</title>
		<link>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/10/13/info%e4%bd%95%e8%ac%82%e7%9f%a5%e8%ad%98%e7%ae%a1%e7%90%86knowledge-management/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2008 15:48:52 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>inddxp</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[知識管理]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cenote.wordpress.com/?p=113</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[[INFO]何謂知識管理 資料→資訊→知識→智慧 –資料→【處理】→資訊 –資訊→【推論】→知識 –知識→【規劃】→智慧 知識管理工作： 知識規劃 知識獲取 知識累積 知識擴散 知識評核 就目前為止,知識管理的定義並沒有很明確的定義,目前只能界定一個範圍對其範圍作其定義 知識管理是廣泛,包含了各種類型的知識(例如:某公司對新進人員的教育訓練,或再教育進修)<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=cenote.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4603195&amp;post=113&amp;subd=cenote&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>[INFO]何謂知識管理</p>
<p>資料→資訊→知識→智慧</p>
<p>–資料→【處理】→資訊<br />
–資訊→【推論】→知識<br />
–知識→【規劃】→智慧</p>
<p>知識管理工作：<br />
知識規劃<br />
知識獲取<br />
知識累積<br />
知識擴散<br />
知識評核</p>
<p>就目前為止,知識管理的定義並沒有很明確的定義,目前只能界定一個範圍對其範圍作其定義</p>
<p>知識管理是廣泛,包含了各種類型的知識(例如:某公司對新進人員的教育訓練,或再教育進修)</p>
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		<title>影像處理:10.13</title>
		<link>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/10/13/%e5%bd%b1%e5%83%8f%e8%99%95%e7%90%861013/</link>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 13 Oct 2008 08:00:29 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>inddxp</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[g(x,y) = T(f(x,y)) r=gray levels of pixels in input image S=gray levels of pixels in output image default=&#62; S=T(r) Image neagative =&#62; S=(L-1)-r  //L-1:最大灰階值256-1=255; (0~255) Log Trasform=&#62; S= C*log(1+r) Power-law Tranform =&#62; S=cr^? s = T(r) 投影片 52 例一:(圖像轉為binary level) % 圖像轉為binary level yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;); % read files imshow(yui),pixval on bin_img=yui(:,:,1);　　% 取R-LEVEL figure,imshow(grayslice(bin_img,2),gray(2)) % 上列執令同等於下列的程式碼 for [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=cenote.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4603195&amp;post=109&amp;subd=cenote&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><!--[if !mso]&gt; &lt;!  v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} p\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} v\:textbox {display:none;} --></p>
<p><!--[endif]--><!--[if !ppt]--><!--[endif]--></p>
<div class="O">
<div style="direction:ltr;" dir="ltr"><a href="http://cenote.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/fg.png"><img class="alignnone size-large wp-image-123" title="fg" src="http://cenote.files.wordpress.com/2008/10/fg.png?w=479&#038;h=343" alt="" width="479" height="343" /></a></div>
<div style="direction:ltr;" dir="ltr"><span style="font-size:12pt;" lang="EN-US"><em>g(x,y) = T(f(x,y)) </em></span><img src="/DOCUME~1/inddx/LOCALS~1/Temp/moz-screenshot.jpg" alt="" /><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Arial;"> </span></div>
</div>
<p>r=gray levels of pixels in input image<br />
S=gray levels of pixels in output image<br />
default=&gt; S=T(r)<br />
Image neagative =&gt; S=(L-1)-r  //L-1:最大灰階值256-1=255; (0~255)<br />
Log Trasform=&gt; S= C*log(1+r)<br />
Power-law Tranform =&gt; S=cr^?</p>
<h2><span style="font-size:32pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:white;"><em><span style="position:absolute;right:16.91%;">s = T(r)</span></em></span></h2>
<h2><!--[if !mso]&gt; &lt;!  v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} p\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} v\:textbox {display:none;} --> <!--[endif]-->投影片 52<!--[if !ppt]--><!-- .O 	{font-size:149%;} --><!-- .sld 	{left:0px !important; 	width:6.0in !important; 	height:4.5in !important; 	font-size:103% !important;} --><!--[endif]--></p>
<div class="O" style="direction:rtl;" dir="rtl"><span style="font-size:32pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:white;"><em><span style="position:absolute;right:16.91%;"> </span><span style="width:18.23%;"> </span></em></span></div>
</h2>
<h2><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>例一:(圖像轉為binary level)</strong></span></h2>
<p><span style="color:#008000;">% </span><span style="color:#008000;">圖像轉為binary level <span style="color:#000000;"><br />
yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;); </span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#008000;"> % read files</span><br />
imshow(yui),pixval on </span>bin_img=yui(:,:,1);　　<span style="color:#008000;">% 取R-LEVEL</span> <span style="color:#008000;"><span style="color:#000000;"><br />
figure,imshow(grayslice(bin_img,2),gray(2))</span> % 上列執令同等於下列的程式碼 <span style="color:#000000;"><br />
for i=1:390 for j=1:400<br />
if(bin_img(i,j)&gt;=128)<br />
bin_img(i,j)=255;<br />
else<br />
bin_img(i,j)=0;<br />
end<br />
end<br />
figure,imshow(bin_img)</span></span></p>
<h2>例二:</h2>
<p>yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;);  <span style="color:#008000;">% read files </span><br />
imshow(yui) figure,imshow(rgb2gray(yui)),pixval on  <span style="color:#008000;">//rgb2gray 圖轉灰階</span><br />
bin_img=yui(:,:,1);<br />
figure,imshow(bin_img),pixval on<br />
bin_img=yui(:,:,2);<br />
figure,imshow(bin_img),pixval on<br />
bin_img=yui(:,:,3);<br />
figure,imshow(bin_img),pixval on  db=double(bin_img);<br />
figure,imshow(im2uint8(db)),pixval on</p>
<h2>例三:負片效果</h2>
<p>yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;); <span style="color:#008000;"> % read files</span><br />
imshow(yui),pixval on g_img=rgb2gray(yui);<br />
for i=1:390<br />
for j=1:400<br />
g_img(i,j) = 255-(g_img(i,j));<br />
end<br />
end<br />
figure,imshow(g_img),pixval on</p>
<h2>例四:Power-law transformation效果</h2>
<p>yui=imread(&#8216;yui.jpg&#8217;); <span style="color:#008000;"> % read files<br />
</span>imshow(yui),pixval on<br />
g_img=rgb2gray(yui);<br />
for i=1:390<br />
for j=1:400<br />
c=1; plt=0.5.;<br />
g_img(i,j) = c(g_img(i,j))^plt;  <span style="color:#008000;">% S=cr^?</span><br />
end<br />
end<br />
figure,imshow(g_img),pixval on</p>
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		<title>研究方法:10.07</title>
		<link>http://cenote.wordpress.com/2008/10/10/%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e6%96%b9%e6%b3%951007/</link>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 10 Oct 2008 08:57:06 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>inddxp</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[研究方法]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://cenote.wordpress.com/?p=104</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[定訂』 題目 『方向 ======== CH4 形成研究問題 @研究問題的形成 (操作)定議其問題的方向(概念:是心理的意像或感覺) CH5 確定研究變項(variables) @研究變項 // 變項是可以被測量(尺度) 衡量概念的定義 變項的類型 ├自變項(因)→應變項(果) // 因果變數 ; 自變數其為 假設因子~應變數其為 假設結果 (在因果變數中會因為外在因素而影响其假設結果稱 影响變數 ├研究設計:主動變項(可人為操弄、改變);屬性變項(不可人為操至弄、屬於事實盛現) //P68(figure5.8) └測量單位:質(常數,二分變項,多分變項);量(實際數字) //質:類別 ; 量:連續 (名目;次序;等距;比率) P70(figure5.9) CH6 建立研究假設 以命題方向作其假設 @假設過程 └直覺(假定)→調查(研究)→結論(謬誤) @假設類型: 研究假設(Ho)vs 對立假設(Hx) apha: 拒絕虛無假設,而當它是真的,便是為 第 I 類 錯誤 bata:  接受虛無假設,而當它是假的,便是為 第 II 類 錯誤 CH7 研究設計 設計:該用什麼工具去實行 [...]<img alt="" border="0" src="http://stats.wordpress.com/b.gif?host=cenote.wordpress.com&amp;blog=4603195&amp;post=104&amp;subd=cenote&amp;ref=&amp;feed=1" width="1" height="1" />]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>定訂』 題目 『方向</p>
<p>========</p>
<h1><strong>CH4 形成研究問題</strong></h1>
<p>@<span style="color:#ff6600;">研究問題的形成</span></p>
<p>(操作)定議其問題的方向(<span style="color:#3366ff;">概念:是心理的意像或感覺</span>)</p>
<h1>CH5 確定研究變項(variables)</h1>
<p>@<span style="color:#ff6600;">研究變項</span> <span style="color:#008000;"> // 變項是可以被測量(尺度)</span></p>
<p>衡量概念的定義</p>
<p><strong>變項的類型<br />
</strong>├<span style="color:#ff6600;">自變項(因)→應變項(果) </span><span style="color:#008000;">// 因果變數 ; 自變數其為 假設因子~應變數其為 假設結果<br />
</span>(在因果變數中會因為外在因素而影响其假設結果稱 <span style="color:#0000ff;">影响變數<br />
<span style="color:#000000;">├<span style="color:#ff6600;">研究設計</span>:<span style="color:#0000ff;">主動</span>變項(可人為操弄</span></span><span style="color:#0000ff;"><span style="color:#000000;">、改變);<span style="color:#0000ff;">屬性</span>變項(不可人為操至弄、屬於事實盛現) //</span></span><span style="color:#0000ff;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="color:#008000;">P68(figure5.8)</span></span></span><br />
<span style="color:#0000ff;"><span style="color:#000000;">└<span style="color:#ff6600;">測量單位</span>:<span style="color:#0000ff;">質</span>(常數,二分變項,多分變項);<span style="color:#0000ff;">量</span>(實際數字) /<span style="color:#008000;">/質:類別 ; 量:連續 (名目;次序;等距;比率) P70(figure5.9)<br />
</span></span></span></p>
<h1>CH6 建立研究假設</h1>
<p>以命題方向作其假設</p>
<p>@<span style="color:#ff6600;">假設過程</span><br />
└直覺(假定)→調查(研究)→結論(謬誤)</p>
<p>@<span style="color:#ff6600;">假設類型</span>: <span style="color:#0000ff;">研究假設(Ho</span>)vs <span style="color:#0000ff;">對立假設(Hx)<br />
</span><em>apha</em>: <span style="color:#ff0000;">拒絕</span>虛無假設,而當它是<span style="color:#0000ff;">真</span>的,便是為 <span style="color:#008000;">第 I 類</span> 錯誤<em><br />
bata</em>:  <span style="color:#0000ff;">接受</span>虛無假設,而當它是<span style="color:#ff0000;">假</span>的,便是為 <span style="color:#008000;">第 II 類</span> 錯誤</p>
<h1>CH7 研究設計</h1>
<p>設計:該用什麼工具去實行</p>
<p>@<span style="color:#ff6600;">研究設計的定義</span>:定訂研究方法(向),在對其研究方向該用何種步驟或工具,計劃或策略去獲取研究方法、答案<br />
傳統研究設計是如何完成研究計劃的藍圖或細部的規劃~可被測量的操作化變數,選擇研究所關心的樣本,蒐集資料作為研究假設的基礎,以及分析其結果(Thyer,1993:94)</p>
<p>@<span style="color:#ff6600;">研究設計的功能:<span style="color:#000000;"><br />
├研究所需的<span style="color:#0000ff;">程序</span>及相關作業的配置的界定或發展  <span style="color:#008000;">//將程序概念化</span><br />
└強調上述程序的<span style="color:#0000ff;">品質</span>的重要性,以確保研效的<span style="color:#0000ff;">有效性、客觀性及正確性</span> <span style="color:#008000;">//變項的控制 </span></span></span></p>
<p>========</p>
<p>21日前繳交 題目、文獻</p>
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